Cos'è Laravel Eloquent, come si usa, tutorial con esempi

Il framework PHP Laravel include Eloquent.

Eloquent è un O.R.M., cioè Object Relational Mapper.

Eloquent fornisce un modo estremamente semplice per comunicare con un database. 

Laravel e Eloquent aiutano a velocizzare lo sviluppo di applicazioni e piattaforme, fornendo una soluzione adeguata alla maggior parte dei problemi di gestione di dati strutturati. I requisiti vengono affrontati con uno sviluppo più rapido, oltre a un codice ben organizzato, riutilizzabile, gestibile e scalabile. 

Tempo di lettura stimato: 9 minuti

Come funziona Eloquent

Lavorare con Eloquent vuol dire gestire informazioni, presenti anche in più database, in modo efficiente utilizzando un'implementazione ActiveMethod. È un modello architettonico in cui il modello creato nella struttura Model-View-Controller (MVC), corrisponde a una tabella nel database. Il vantaggio è che i modelli eseguono operazioni di database comuni senza codificare lunghe query SQL. 

I modelli consentono di eseguire query sui dati nelle tabelle e di inserire nuovi record nelle tabelle. Il processo di sincronizzazione di più database in esecuzione su sistemi diversi è semplificato. Non è necessario scrivere query SQL. Tutto quello che devi fare è definire le tabelle del database e le relazioni tra di loro, e Eloquent farà il resto del lavoro.

Preparazione di Laravel

I passaggi da fare per poter iniziale a lavorare su Eloquent sono:

- Installa Laravel da getcomposer.org, per far questo segui le istruzioni leggendo qui

- Creare migration utilizzando la console Artisan

- Creare modelli eloquent

- eseguire i seed del database

Artisan Console è il nome dell'interfaccia Command Line inclusa in Laravel. Fornisce una serie di comandi utili da utilizzare durante lo sviluppo di una applicazione.

Per visualizzare un elenco di tutti i comandi Artisan disponibili, puoi utilizzare il comando list:

php artisan list

O semplicemente php artisan, ricevendo un risultato di questo tipo:

php artisan list

Laravel Framework 9.52.4



Usage:

command



Options:

-h, --help Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command

-q, --quiet Do not output any message

-V, --version Display this application version

--ansi|--no-ansi Force (or disable --no-ansi) ANSI output

-n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question

--env The environment the command should run under

-v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug



Available commands:

about Display basic information about your application

clear-compiled Remove the compiled class file

completion Dump the shell completion script

db Start a new database CLI session

docs Access the Laravel documentation

down Put the application into maintenance / demo mode

env Display the current framework environment

help Display help for a command

inspire Display an inspiring quote

list List commands

migrate Run the database migrations

optimize Cache the framework bootstrap files

serve Serve the application on the PHP development server

test Run the application tests

tinker Interact with your application

ui Swap the front-end scaffolding for the application

up Bring the application out of maintenance mode

auth

auth:clear-resets Flush expired password reset tokens

cache

cache:clear Flush the application cache

cache:forget Remove an item from the cache

cache:table Create a migration for the cache database table

config

config:cache Create a cache file for faster configuration loading

config:clear Remove the configuration cache file

db

db:monitor Monitor the number of connections on the specified database

db:seed Seed the database with records

db:show Display information about the given database

db:table Display information about the given database table

db:wipe Drop all tables, views, and types

env

env:decrypt Decrypt an environment file

env:encrypt Encrypt an environment file

event

event:cache Discover and cache the application's events and listeners

event:clear Clear all cached events and listeners

event:generate Generate the missing events and listeners based on registration

event:list List the application's events and listeners

key

key:generate Set the application key

make

make:cast Create a new custom Eloquent cast class

make:channel Create a new channel class

make:command Create a new Artisan command

make:component Create a new view component class

make:controller Create a new controller class

make:event Create a new event class

make:exception Create a new custom exception class

make:factory Create a new model factory

make:job Create a new job class

make:listener Create a new event listener class

make:mail Create a new email class

make:middleware Create a new middleware class

make:migration Create a new migration file

make:model Create a new Eloquent model class

make:notification Create a new notification class

make:observer Create a new observer class

make:policy Create a new policy class

make:provider Create a new service provider class

make:request Create a new form request class

make:resource Create a new resource

make:rule Create a new validation rule

make:scope Create a new scope class

make:seeder Create a new seeder class

make:test Create a new test class

migrate

migrate:fresh Drop all tables and re-run all migrations

migrate:install Create the migration repository

migrate:refresh Reset and re-run all migrations

migrate:reset Rollback all database migrations

migrate:rollback Rollback the last database migration

migrate:status Show the status of each migration

model

model:prune Prune models that are no longer needed

model:show Show information about an Eloquent model

notifications

notifications:table Create a migration for the notifications table

optimize

optimize:clear Remove the cached bootstrap files

package

package:discover Rebuild the cached package manifest

permission

permission:cache-reset Reset the permission cache

permission:create-permission Create a permission

permission:create-permission-routes Create a permission routes.

permission:create-role Create a role

permission:setup-teams Setup the teams feature by generating the associated migration.

permission:show Show a table of roles and permissions per guard

queue

queue:batches-table Create a migration for the batches database table

queue:clear Delete all of the jobs from the specified queue

queue:failed List all of the failed queue jobs

queue:failed-table Create a migration for the failed queue jobs database table

queue:flush Flush all of the failed queue jobs

queue:forget Delete a failed queue job

queue:listen Listen to a given queue

queue:monitor Monitor the size of the specified queues

queue:prune-batches Prune stale entries from the batches database

queue:prune-failed Prune stale entries from the failed jobs table

queue:restart Restart queue worker daemons after their current job

queue:retry Retry a failed queue job

queue:retry-batch Retry the failed jobs for a batch

queue:table Create a migration for the queue jobs database table

queue:work Start processing jobs on the queue as a daemon

route

route:cache Create a route cache file for faster route registration

route:clear Remove the route cache file

route:list List all registered routes

sail

sail:add Add a service to an existing Sail installation

sail:install Install Laravel Sail's default Docker Compose file

sail:publish Publish the Laravel Sail Docker files

sanctum

sanctum:prune-expired Prune tokens expired for more than specified number of hours.

schedule

schedule:clear-cache Delete the cached mutex files created by scheduler

schedule:list List all scheduled tasks

schedule:run Run the scheduled commands

schedule:test Run a scheduled command

schedule:work Start the schedule worker

schema

schema:dump Dump the given database schema

session

session:table Create a migration for the session database table

storage

storage:link Create the symbolic links configured for the application

stub

stub:publish Publish all stubs that are available for customization

ui

ui:auth Scaffold basic login and registration views and routes

ui:controllers Scaffold the authentication controllers

vendor

vendor:publish Publish any publishable assets from vendor packages

view

view:cache Compile all of the application's Blade templates

view:clear Clear all compiled view files

Tutti i comandi vengono forniti con una breve descrizione dei suoi argomenti e opzioni. Questo è mostrato in una schermata di "aiuto". Per visualizzare una schermata di aiuto, è sufficiente far precedere il nome del comando da "help" come mostrato:

php artisan help migrate

Description:

Run the database migrations



Usage:

migrate



Options:

--database The database connection to use

--force Force the operation to run when in production

--path The path(s) to the migrations files to be executed (multiple values allowed)

--realpath Indicate any provided migration file paths are pre-resolved absolute paths

--schema-path The path to a schema dump file

--pretend Dump the SQL queries that would be run

--seed Indicates if the seed task should be re-run

--seeder The class name of the root seeder

--step Force the migrations to be run so they can be rolled back individually

--isolated Do not run the command if another instance of the command is already running

-h, --help Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command

-q, --quiet Do not output any message

-V, --version Display this application version

--ansi|--no-ansi Force (or disable --no-ansi) ANSI output

-n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question

--env The environment the command should run under

-v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Migration

La migration è un processo di gestione del database scrivendo PHP anziché SQL. Fornisce un modo per aggiungere il controllo della versione al database. 

Per creare una migrazione, basta eseguire il seguente comando:

php artisan make:migration create_student_records

Questo crea il file di migrazione. Nel tuo editor di testo, apri il file appena creato nella cartella databasemigrations:

Ercole Palmeri
#framework #laravel #mvc #php #software #softwaredesign #softwaredevelopment #SoftwareEngineering
https://bloginnovazione.it/laravel-eloquent/39088/